Leafy and floral Chinese medicine identification experiment
The purpose of this experiment is to master the lateral cypress leaves, Polygonum tinctorium leaves, leaves, senna leaves, leaves, leaves, leaves, pine pollen, pawpaw, honeysuckle, safflower, safflower, flowers and other herbs, such as trait identification characteristics; master senna, honeysuckle, pawpaw, pine pollen powder microscopic, physicochemical characteristics and understanding of commonly used medicinal herbs, so as to do to see the drug well-known.
Operation method
microscopic observation
Materials and Instruments
Pharmaceuticals Move 1. Points to note for the identification of herbs For more product details, please visit Aladdin Scientific website.
Chloral hydrate Glycerol Acetic acid Sulfuric acid
Commonly used laboratory equipment for microscopic identification Biological microscope Alcohol lamp Beaker
(1) Leaves of cypress
Leafy branch tips are much branched, branchlets flattened. Leaves fine scale-like, alternate opposite, closely appressed to the branchlets, dark green or yellowish green. Gas fragrant, taste bitter, astringent, slightly pungent.
(2) Polygonum multiflorum
The leaves are crumpled and broken. The intact leaves are elliptic or ovoid, blue-green or blue-black when flattened, with an obtuse apex, tapering at the base, and entire. Petiole flattened, membranous ocrea occasionally visible.
(3) Big green leaves
Mostly basal leaves, leaf blade extremely wrinkled, dark gray-green appearance. Complete leaf blade is oblong or oblong-oblanceolate, entire or sinuous, apex obtuse-rounded, base tapering down to petiole winged.
(4) Senna
Narrow-leaved senna: leaflets mostly complete and flat. Lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, main veins prominent, tip of leaf prominently spiny, entire, base slightly asymmetric, yellowish green above, light yellowish green below, both surfaces sparsely velutinous, main veins prominent on lower surface, pinnately reticulate veins. Leaf blade leathery. Air weak and peculiar, taste slightly bitter and slightly sticky.
Senna aculeata: leaflets slightly smaller, asymmetric at the base, both surfaces with fine short velutinous hairs.
(5) Cylindrical leaves
Leaves rectangular-square, apex with 3 equal sized stiff spines, middle one often revolute downward, base with 1-2 spines on each side; upper surface of leaves yellowish green and glossy, pinnate veins extending to leaf margin, midvein often impressed; lower surface grayish yellow or dark gray; petiole very short. Hard leathery.
(6) Mugwort
Leaves are crumpled and broken. The complete leaf blade is ovate-elliptic when unfolded, pinnately parted, the lobes elliptic-lanceolate, the margin irregularly coarsely serrate. The upper surface is gray-green or dark yellow-green, sparsely arachnoid pilose and white glandular dots; the lower surface is densely gray-white tomentose. Texture soft. Aromatic, bitter taste.
(7) Pine pollen
Bright yellow or light yellow powder. The texture is easy, easy to flow and fly, hand twisted with a smooth feeling, into the water does not sink.
(8) Pandanus
Fresh yellow fine powder, easy texture, easy to fly, twisted with a sense of lubrication, into the water does not sink.
(9) Honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica)
The flower buds are in the shape of small sticks, slightly curved at the top and thin at the bottom. Surface yellowish white or greenish white, long storage color gradually dark, densely pubescent. Calyx green, apex 5-lobed, lobes hairy. Aromatic.
(10) Saffron
Tubular flowers without ovary, barred, reddish yellow or red, corolla tube slender, 5-lobed distally. Stamens polygamous, anthers yellow. Stigma showing anthers, apically 2-forked, yellowish.
(11) Saffron
Stigma is linear, flattened, three-branched, about 3 cm long, dark red, without oily luster, into the water stigma is trumpet-shaped visible orange-yellow straight line down gradually spreading, the water is stained yellow. Gas specific, slightly irritating, taste slightly bitter.
(12) Hedera
Flower buds oblong-clavate, bracts fishscale-like, outer surface purplish red or light red, inner surface densely white flocculent velutinous. Flowers small, periphery ligulate, inner periphery tubular, tearing to see white velvet.
2. Microscopic, physicochemical identification
(1) Senna powder
Yellowish green. Chloral hydrate test solution mounted microscopic examination.
Crystalline fibers/numerous.
Epidermal cells: polygonal, pericyclic wall straight.
(iii) Stomata: mostly flat-axial, with two or three parietal guard cells (Sclerocarya spp.).
Non-glandular hairs: unicellular, thick walled, with warty projections, slightly curved at the base.
⑤ Calcium oxalate clusters: present in thin-walled cells of leaf pulp.
(2) Honeysuckle powder
Light yellow. Chloral hydrate mounted for microscopic examination.
Glandular hairs: there are two kinds, one with a rugby-shaped head, slightly flat at the top, composed of 10-30 cells and 2-6 cells in the glandular stalk; the other with an inverted triangular head, smaller, composed of 6-10 cells and 2-4 cells in the glandular stalk. The head of the gland contains yellowish brown secretion.
Non-glandular hairs: unicellular, one is long and curved with a thin wall; the other is shorter with a thicker wall.
Pollen grains: numerous, yellow, globose, outer wall with fine spinelike projections, 3 germination pores.
(iv) Stigma apical epidermal cells: tomentose.
⑤ Calcium oxalate clusters: thin-walled cells containing fine calcium oxalate clusters.
(3) Powder of Phellodendron Bark
Ginger yellow color. Chloral hydrate mounted for microscopic examination.
Pollen grains: orbicular or ellipsoid, surface with reticulate sculpture, peripheral contour line smooth, convex wave-like, single germination pore not very obvious.
Pollen sac inner wall cells: surface view is striped, cell boundaries are not obvious, with irregular spiral texture.
Calcium oxalate needle crystals: mostly in bundles in anther septa or filament thin-walled cells.
(4) Pine pollen
Bright yellow or light yellow fine powder. Chloral hydrate mounts for microscopic examination. Pollen grain ellipsoid, one side slightly compressed, surface smooth or with fine reticulate texture, each side has a wing-like expanded air sac, air sac wall with obvious uniform polygonal reticulate texture.
(5) Color reaction
Take a little saffron, put it on a white porcelain plate, add 1 drop of sulfuric acid, it will appear blue, gradually change to purple, and then change to reddish brown or brown. Take a little saffron and immerse it in water, the orange-yellow color gradually spreads in a straight line, the water is dyed yellow, no red color, no precipitation, the stigma is trumpet-shaped, with short slits.